June 30, 2017

by: Emily Hastings

Disability Spotlight: Spina Bifida

Each month we will feature a different disability represented at UCP of Greater Cleveland. Because of our name, many people think we only serve people with cerebral palsy, but we hope this series will help to dispel that myth. This month we are featuring spina bifida.

  • Spina bifida is a congenital birth defect of the spine in which part of the spinal cord and its membranes are exposed through an opening in the backbone caused by the failure of the neural tube** to close properly during embryonic development, often causing paralysis of the lower limbs.
  • Spina bifida literally means “split spine” and is the most common permanently disabling birth defect in the U.S.
  • There are about 8 babies born each day in the U.S. with spina bifida or a similar birth defect of the spine and brain.
  • The cause of spina bifida is not known, although some scientists believe it can be genetic and environmental factors working together (such as not getting enough folic acid during pregnancy).
  • There are three main types of spina bifida including:
    1. Spina Bifida Occulta – This is the least severe form, which has a small gap in one or more of vertebrae. Many people with this type do not even know they have spina bifida because they show no signs or symptoms. They might only find out if they get an X-ray done for unrelated reasons.
    2. Meningocele – This form is more rare where the protective membranes around the spinal cord come through the spine like a sac. The membranes can be removed by surgery with little to no nerve damage, however individuals with this form might have minor disabilities.
    3. Myelomeningocele – This is the most severe form and what most people think of when they hear the term spina bifida. People with Meningomyelocele usually have surgery within 24 to 48 hours after birth, which helps prevent infections and protects the spinal cord from additional damage.
  • Interesting fact: John Mellencamp was born with Spina Bifida but had a ground-breaking operation as a newborn to correct the defect.
  • Spina bifida can be managed with a support team, including specialists such as neurosurgeons, urologists, orthopedists, physical and occupational therapists and case managers.

  • **The neural tube is the embryonic structure that eventually develops into the baby’s brain and spinal cord and the tissues that enclose them.

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